Course Objectives

To gain an understanding of the measuring equipment.

Course Description

The control of processes in today’s oil and gas industry requires accurate knowledge of process conditions. Without measurement there can be no control and no information as to the state of the process. This course acts as the interface between operations and maintenance staff.

Better knowledge of how equipment is selected and how it is constructed and how it functions will help an operator to identify the causes of problems and prevent their recurrence. Hence the economic benefits of properly trained and informed production staff can be easily justified.

The course takes a look at measurement systems from the advanced level. We first look at each of the process variables and then introduce the delegate to methods employed to control each of these variables. This includes basic PID control, ratio and cascade control. Furthermore, a brief mention is made of the enhancements in control by the introduction of computerised control systems. Topics such as feed forward and adaptive control methods are discussed.

Who Should Attend

This course is targeted at electrical technicians.

Pre-Requisites

All Attendees should have a sound power generation and electrical background.

Course Outcome

At the end of this course you will be able to understand instrumentation measurement.

Course Outline

Day 1

• Introduction
• Introduction to Process Measurement
  • Basic measurement concepts
  • Measuring instruments
• The Pressure Variable
  • Principles of pressure measurement
  • Units of pressure
  • Pressure measuring transducers
  • Installation considerations
  • A pressure control loop
• Level Measurements
  • Principles of level measurement
  • Primary level measurement instruments
  • Hydrostatic pressure level measurements
  • Ultrasonic level detection and measurement
  • Microwave level measurement
  • Electromechanical level detection and measurement
  • Capacitive and conductive level measurements
  • Vibrating level detection
  • Safety aspects in level measurements
  • Level control loop
• Temperature Measurement
  • Principles of temperature measurement
  • Thermocouple theory and practice
  • Different thermocouple types
  • Terminating the thermocouple
  • External reference junction techniques
  • Thermocouple response times
  • Surface temperature measurement
  • Resistance thermometer theory and practice
  • Adoption of the Pt100 thermometer
  • Resistance thermometer practice
  • RTD installation and application
  • Thermowells fittings and terminations
  • Temperature calibration
  • Temperature control loop (P+I+D controller)
  • Transmitters and instrumentation

Day 2

• Flow Measurement
  • Basic properties of fluid
  • Positive displacement meters
  • Inferential meters
  • Oscillatory flow meters
  • Differential pressure meters
  • Electromagnetic flow meters
  • Ultrasonic flow meters
  • Mass flow meters
  • The Coriolis effect
  • A Coriolis mass flow meter

Day 3

• Flow Measurement
  • Transmitters for process variables
  • The smart transmitter
  • The added attraction of smart transmitters
  • Asset management and proactive maintenance schedules
  • The concept of feedback in a measuring system
  • The measurement signal (3 – 15 psi, 4 – 20 mA)
  • Digital signals and the fieldbus system
• Basic Control Concepts
  • Manual control
  • Feedback control
  • Simple on-off control
  • On-off control, introduction of a differential gap
  • Proportional control
  • Integral control
  • Proportional plus integral control
  • Derivative control
  • Proportional plus integral plus derivative control
  • Tuning a control loop
  • The quarter wave decay ratio
  • Process reaction curve method of loop tuning
  • The ultimate method of loop tuning
  • The trial and error method of loop tuning

Day 4

• Complex Control Systems
  • Cascade control system
  • Ratio control
  • Split range control
  • Feedback and Feedforward control
  • Adaptive control
• Computer Control Systems
  • The evolution of digital control
  • Digital signals
  • Direct digital control
  • The distributed control system (DCS)
  • The field control system (a truly distributed control system)
• Course Review and Feedback

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